Befana is a figure from Italian folklore, most commonly associated with the Epiphany celebration, which occurs on January 6th. She is a kindly old witch who delivers gifts to children, similar to Santa Claus, but with some distinct differences and unique traditions.
Who is Befana?
Befana is often depicted as an elderly woman, flying on a broomstick, wearing ragged clothing, and carrying a sack full of sweets and small gifts for well-behaved children. She is said to visit homes on the night of January 5th, leaving treats in stockings or shoes, much like Santa does on Christmas Eve. The legend of Befana is rooted in Italian history and has many variations across the country.
What is the story behind Befana?
The most popular tale associated with Befana is tied to the Three Wise Men (or Magi).
According to the legend:
When the Magi were on their way to visit the newborn Jesus, they stopped at the house of Befana, a kind old woman. They invited her to join them on their journey to Bethlehem, but she declined, too busy with her household chores. Later, when she realized her mistake and decided to follow the Magi, she could not find them. Feeling regretful, she began traveling from house to house, leaving small gifts for children in the hope of finding the Christ Child. Over time, this tradition became associated with the Epiphany, the Christian feast day that celebrates the visit of the Magi to the infant Jesus.
Befana's Role Today
In Italy, Befana is considered the "good witch"
and is a central figure in Epiphany celebrations. On the night of January 5th, children hang stockings or leave out shoes for Befana to fill with goodies. Good children receive candy, toys, and small gifts, while mischievous ones may find a piece of coal (often made of sugar or candy).
The day of the Epiphany, January 6th, marks the end of the Christmas festivities in Italy, and various festivals, parades, and events are held in honor of Befana across the country.
Symbolism
Befana is not just a figure for children. She also symbolizes the end of the Christmas season and marks the journey of the Magi. Her role as a gift-bringer also reflects themes of generosity, kindness, and the importance of giving to others.
In essence, Befana is a unique and beloved tradition in Italy, representing both folklore and religious symbolism surrounding the Epiphany.
